Double-acting internal-combustion engine



June; 19, 1923;

G. .1. LUGT DOUBLE ACTING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Dec. 3, 1921 patented dune. lg, 1 1923.

- entrants.

LTo aZZ whom it mag concern;

GERARD JOHAN LUQT, F AMSTERDM, NE'JPHEEEANDS.

nounrin aer rne 'rnrnnnan-cotrnnsrron nniernn Y v Application filed-December '3, 1921. Serial No. 520,061. I

Be it known that l, GrinARoJoHAN LUe'r,

a subject of the Queen of the Netherlands,

' residing at Amsterdam, Netherlands, have invented certain new: and useful Improvements in "and Relating to-Double-Acting following is a'specification.

' The application of thedouble-acting prin-.

trouble and 1 may llll Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the cip le to. Diesel-engines presents Various dificulties. Notablythe stufiing-box of the piston-rod which has to withstand high pressures and temgeratures' is liable to give s a. cause'oi dangerousunreliability. ltis already a diflicult problem inmany casesto arrange all the valves on the top-cylinder-cover of a Diesel-engine and this diiiiculty is still increased in the case of a double-acting engine by the pistonthe combustion air may be pre-heated (without mixing) by means of exhaust gases,

rod, piercing the cylinder-cover just there, wherev the fuel-injection valve placed to insure a goodcombustion.

thesedificulties can-be overcome byincreasing the volume of the compression space of the bottom side of the cylinder somuch, that the'combu'stion can take place in a special combustion chamber, located outside of the circumference of thecyli-nder, in which also the valves will be put. The

compression space being so'much larger than that at the top side, the compression end pressure will be appreciably less; by injecting only a relatively small quantity of fuel, which means working with a larger surplus of air, i. c. with a lower medium pressure, themedium temperature of the cycle can be kept so low that piston and piston rod dll All

work under absolutely safe conditions According, to the present invention a double-acting internal combustion engine has a considerable higher compression on the side opposite to the crank ,(topside) than v on the side of the crank (bottom side). The top side will be more specially :1 Dieselengine, and the bottom side a medium pressure engine.

llt is known that the compression-ratio in a Diesel-engine is so chosen that even in a cold engine self-ignition will take place, but that the compression could be much lower when the engine is warm. The compression-ratio on the bottom side can be taken so that self-ignition will just take place when the engine is hot, which, however, does not exclude the use of special means for igniting the charge, f. i. incan-.

'many important advantages.

should be coils or sparks.

' An engine according to this invention has The singleacting Diesel-engine (top side) can be constructed exactly in the same way as'usual, with piston-rod and cross head. Evidently the engine can work with the top side only, and the bottom side maybe heated up before being put to work. This preheating can be done very efiectfully. by means of the exhausthgases of the top side, which are lead to the bottom side through a branch on the exhaust-pipe. It is also possible to mix a certain percentage of hot exhaust-gases with the-cold combustion air of the bottom side in orderto increase the end temperature 0 the compression at the bottom side, without needing a high ratio, oi. compression. Also either from the same c linder or from some other cyllnder, or eit er from theDiesel part or from the medium pressure part of the engine. Thus self-ignition is rendered 7 possible with a low compression, where generally specialigniting devices would be necessary. 'As, for getting the bottom side' started, it is necessary to use exhaust gases from the top side, the branch on the exhaust pipe of the top side is to be. considered a very important part of the invention. It goes without saying that in a multiple cylinder engine the exhaust ases of any top sidecylinder may be used or any bottom side cylinder.

In a four-cycle engine the cycles on the different sides of a cylinder may be thus arranged, that the combustion and expansion stroke on the top sidecoincide with the exhaust stroke on the bottom side of the cylinder. The bottom side working with a large excess of air, the exhaust-gases of that side ought to be practically invisible, if they are not, the: piston. is probably leaking or blowing through. In doubtful cases the fuel supply to the bottom side can be temporarily sus ended in order to ascertain if the smoky ex aust is due to leaking of the piston.

If the engine is a reversible one, e. g. a

marine engine, it will 'be suflicientonly to fit the top side with a reversing mechanism, when running astern the bottom side can be put out of action by lifting all the valves and byshutting 0d the fuel supply. Also the starting device will only be fitted was; top side of the engine. The valve nieclianism is thus very much Simplified, wHioh iis;

of special importance, as the bottom side-is usually rather crowded. f It is therefore {the Diesel part (topside of the engine) which keeps the engine ready for use and reliable' under all circumstances;

the medium-pressure part (bottom' side) .increases the capacity and the mechanical efiici'ency, without'aflecting the simplicity of the engine to a considerable extent.

The oil-rests which lare collected in a single-acting engine in an oiltray underneath the-cylinder, can be easily removed out of the double-acting cylinder according to the invention by opening a relief valve '1I1 the bottom cover.

7 push the oil-rests out.

- The pressure in the cylinder duringexpansionand compression stroke will then [The invention is for present description illustrated n the accompanying "drawings, in which;

A lower side of the cylinder 1 is provided with .The figure is a diagrammatic view a portion of an internal combustion engine,

illustrating the invention.

The cylinder 1 shows an upper cover 2, provided with a sprayer 3 and an inlet valve 330 5 and an outlet valve 4 of the ordinary Diesel type. Through the lower cover 6 and the stufiing box 7 thelpiston rod 8 passes. The

the compression chamber 9 bearing the seats for the inlet valve 10 and the outlet valve 11.

The exhausts'pipinglQ oi-th'e Diesel-side of thecylinder shows a branch 13, provided with astopvalve 14 andl leadin'g to theinlet valve 10. Alon'g tlie same valve 10 air maybe drav'v'nv from the space between theheating mantle15-and the other exhaust pipe Mi -through the branch 17, the-latter piston engine having on the cylinder side opbeing provide with a butterfly valve 18.

For the sake of increasing the pro-heating of the air in the space between the exhaust tube 16 and the mantle tube 15 a direct con the purposes of the ig eaeso 'posite :the' crank higher. ratio of compression than onthe crank side, the compression ratio on the crank side being high enough to -;insure self-ignition.

opposite the crank a higherratio of compression than on thecrank side, the compression" ratio 'on the crank side being highendugh' to insure self-ignition when the cyl iinder is hot: 4, In adouble-acting internal combustion piston engine having on a cylinder side opposite the crank a higher ratio of compres v sion than on the crank side, a connection between the exhaust; piping of, the side opposite the crank with the air-inlet the crank side of a cylinder.

piping of 3. In adouble-acting internal combustion I .'piston engine having on the cylinder side I 5.; In 'a-,d ouble-acting internalcombustion" piston engine having on the cylinder side opposite the crank a higher ratio of compression than on the crank side, means for heating the combustion air for the crank side of the cylinder with the aid of combus- 'tion ases. 1

6. n a double-acting internal combustion piston engine havingon 'the cylinder side opposite the crankahi'gher ratioof compression than on the crank side, means for 7 heating the combustion air for the crank 1 "side of the cylinder with the aid-of combusit10I1 gases, and the compression ratio onthe' crank side being high enough to insure selfignition.

7.'Inal opposite the crank a higher ratio ofcomdouble-acting interhal combustionf piston engine'havlng on-thecylinder s'ide'f 5 pression than on the crank side, means for; heatingthe combustion air forthe cra'nk sideofthe cylinder with the aidof combus t ion gases, and the compression ratioon the crank side being high enough to insures'elf ignition when the cylinder is .hot.

8. In a clouble-acting internal combustion piston engine working on the four cycle principle the cycles beingso timed that the A combustionv and expansion stroke of the cylinder side opposite the crank coincides with the'exhaust stroke of the'side near the crank-a 9. In a double-acting internal combustion piston engine having on the cylinder side opposite the crank a higher ratio of cbm-fl pressionthan on the crank side, a reversing and a starting device only on the side cylinder opposite the crank.

In testimony'whereo'f aflix my signature.

GERA D IJOHIAN LUGT.

of the 

